The Supreme People's Court's 1st Circuit Court was established on Jan 28, 2015, at 1036 Hongling Middle Rd, Luohu district, Shenzhen, Guangdong province.

It is a standing judicial arm of the Supreme People's Court for handling civil and commercial cases, administrative lawsuits and criminal appeals of first and second instance and retrials in Guangdong, Guangxi, and Hainan, and civil and commercial and judicial relief cases related to Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan that are meant to be tried by the Supreme People’s Court.

It also handles petitions in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan that are meant to be settled on-the-spot. The judgments, rulings and decision of the First Circuit Court are those of the Supreme People's Court.